Fall 2019
ANG 6930 (Sect 10521)
ANT 4930 (Sect 10683)
(Seminar)
Download Syllabus Here…..
Class Room: CBD, Room 0224 (105 Classroom Building, 105 NW 16th St)
Time: Monday (6 through 8 periods) 12:50 pm to 3:50 pm
Instructor: James M. Davidson, Ph.D.
Office: Turlington B134
Email: davidson@ufl.edu
Office Hours: Fridays 1:30 – 3:30 pm (and by appointment)
Course Description and Objectives: The seminar’s goal is to briefly outline the underlying historical basis of race and racism in the United States during the 18th and early 19th centuries, and then focus upon the time period between the 1880s and circa 1950, or the era which became known as Jim Crow, when segregation in this country was formalized and maintained through force or its threat as a means of social control and economic exploitation. Our sources will include formal histories, biographies, fiction, poetry, and contemporary accounts and eye witnesses to these events.
Topics include: Race and Racism; The Construction of Jim Crow; Transportation and Plessy V. Ferguson; Incarceration and Second Slaveries; The Negro Problem; Body Image, Cosmetics, and Race Pride; Rural Living — Tenancy and Farm Life in The New South; Urban Living — Structural violence in City Housing, Infrastructure and Spatial Segregation; Segregation, Schools, and Brown v Board of Education; Health, Life and Death (Bioarchaeology); The New Negro and Harlem Renaissance; Lynching, Riots and Interpersonal Violence; Preserving Jim Crow Heritage Sites.
Required Readings:
Woodward, C. Vann
2001 (1955) The Strange Career of Jim Crow. Oxford University Press.
Washington, Booker T.
2000 (1901) Up From Slavery. Signet Classics. New American Library, New York.
Johnson, James Weldon
(1912/1927) The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man (Dover Thrift Editions)
Du Bois, W. E. Burghardt
1994 (1903) The Souls of Black Folk: Essays and Sketches. Dover Publications.
Ayers, Edward L.
2007 The Promise of the New South: Life After Reconstruction – 15th Anniversary Edition. Oxford University Press.
Tolnay, Stewart E. and E. M. Beck
1995 A Festival of Violence: An Analysis of Southern Lynchings, 1882-1930. University of Illinois Press.
Hornsby, Alton Jr.
2010 African-Americans in the Post-Emancipation South: The Outsider’s View. University Press of America: Lanham, MD.
Grading:
Synopses for key readings 20%
Class attendance and participation 10%
Two short essays (10% each) 20%
Research Paper 50%
Grade Percentile breakdown:
A (93-100%); A- (90-92%); B+ (88-89%); B (83-87%); B- (80-82%); C+ (78-79%)
C (73-77%); C- (70-72%); D+ (68-69%); D (63-67%); D- (60-62%); E (59% or below)
Attendance: Regular attendance and participation in class discussions is a requirement. Students are expected to have read the material for that day, and come to class prepared to discuss the readings.
Synopses of Readings/Two Exercise or Reaction Papers:
For some key readings, a synopsis (i.e., a critical summary) not to exceed a half page in length for each reading) will be required and due at the beginning of each class, before we begin the discussion. Readings requiring synopses are marked with a bold, underlined X at the end of each citation.
Two smaller paper assignments, on specific readings, will range from 5 to 7 pages each. Their topics and due dates will be scheduled later in the semester.
Discussion:
Class discussion/participation constitutes 10% of the final grade.
Research Paper:
One major research paper will be due at the end of the semester (15 to 20 pages for graduate students; 10 to 15 pages for undergraduates). Each student will choose the individual topics of the paper, after consultation with me. It could involve original research, an analysis of an existing dataset, or a comparison of two or more papers, books, or perspectives. Time permitting, each student will be present his or her work to the class, during the last week of the semester.
Accommodating Students with Disabilities:
Students requesting classroom accommodation must first register with the Dean of Students Office. The Dean of Students Office will provide documentation to the student, who in turn must provide this documentation to me when requesting accommodation.
Academic Honesty:
The University reminds every student of the implied pledge of Academic Honesty: “on any work submitted for credit the student has neither received nor given unauthorized aid.” This refers to cheating and plagiarism. Consult the Student Guide at www.dso.ufl.edu/stg/ for further information. To avoid plagiarism, you must give credit whenever you use another person’s idea, opinion, or theory; any facts, statistics, graphs, drawings (any pieces of information) that are not common knowledge; quotations of another person’s actual spoken or written words; or paraphrase of another person’s spoken or written words. Students caught cheating will be referred to the University administration for disciplinary action, the consequences of which can include failure of this course, and possible expulsion from the University.
Schedule of Classes and Topics:
Week 1 (August 20 thru August 23)
No class. Read the materials and be prepared for Week 2 discussion.
Week 2 (August 26)
Introduction of Concepts, Reconstruction and the Post Reconstruction Eras
Week 3 (Sept 2)
No class – Labor Day
Week 4 (Sept 9)
Race, Racism
Week 5 (Sept 16)
The Construction of Jim Crow
Week 6 (Sept 23)
Transportation and Plessy V. Ferguson
Week 7 (Sept 30)
The Negro Problem
Week 8 (Oct 7)
Rural Living: Tenancy and Farm Life in The New South
Week 9 (Oct 14)
Urban Living: Structural violence in City Housing, Infrastructure and Spatial Segregation
Week 10 (Oct 21)
Schools and Brown v Board of Education
Week 11 (Oct 28)
Health, Life and Death
Week 12 (Nov 4)
Lynching, Riots and Interpersonal Violence
Week 13 (Nov 11)
No class – Veterans Day
Week 14 (Nov 18)
Body Image, Cosmetics, and Race Pride:
Week 15 (Nov 25)
The New Negro and Harlem Renaissance
Week 16 (Dec 2)
Documenting Whiteness and Preserving Jim Crow Era Heritage Sites:
Topics and Specific Readings:
Week 1 NO CLASS
As background for Week 2 and beyond, read:
Washington, Booker T.
2000 (1901) Up From Slavery. Signet Classics. New American Library, New York.
Week 2: Introduction of Concepts, Reconstruction and the Post Reconstruction Eras
Smythe, Hugh H.
1949 The Concept “Jim Crow.” Social Forces 27(1):45-48.
Wilson, William J.
1976 Class Conflict and Jim Crow Segregation in the Postbellum South. The Pacific Sociological Review 19(4):431-446.
Bernard, Raymond
1949 Consequences of Racial Segregation. The American Catholic Sociological Review 10(2):82-100.
King, Desmond and Stephen Tuck
2007 De-Centring the South: America’s Nationwide White Supremacist Order after Reconstruction. Past & Present 194:213-253.
Introduction and Chapter 1 of Alton Hornsby 2010 (African-Americans in the Post-Emancipation South: The Outsider’s View)
Week 3: No Class
Week 4: Race, Racism
Taylor, Carol M.
1981 W.E.B. DuBois’s Challenge to Scientific Racism. Journal of Black Studies 11(4):449-460. XXX
Babson, David W.
1990 The Archaeology of Racism and Ethnicity on Southern Plantations. Historical Archaeology 24(4):20-28.
Caspari, Rachel
2003 From Types to Populations: A Century of Race, Physical Anthropology, and the American Anthropological Association. American Anthropologist (Special Issue: Biological Anthropology: Historical Perspectives on Current Issues, Disciplinary Connections, and Future Directions) 105(1):65-76.
Jackson, John P. Jr. and Nadine M. Weidman
2006 The Origins of Scientific Racism. The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education 50:66-79.
Harrison, Faye V.
1995 The Persistent Power of “Race” in the Cultural and Political Economy of Racism. Annual Review of Anthropology 24:47-74. XXX
Banks, James A.
1995 The Historical Reconstruction of Knowledge about Race: Implications for Transformative Teaching. Educational Researcher 24(2):15-25.
Watkins, Rachel J.
2012 Biohistorical Narratives of Racial Difference in the American Negro: Notes toward a Nuanced History of American Physical Anthropology. Current Anthropology 53(S5):S196-S209.
Ferguson, Elizabeth A.
1938 Race Consciousness Among American Negroes. The Journal of Negro Education 7(1):32-40.
Jackson Jr., John P.
2001 “In Ways Unacademical”: The Reception of Carleton S. Coon’s “The Origin of Races.” Journal of the History of Biology 34(2):247-285. XXX
Brown, William O.
1939 Race Prejudice as a Factor in the Status of the American Negro. The Journal of Negro Education 8(3):349-358.
Week 5: The Construction of Jim Crow
Woodward, C. Vann
1974 The Strange Career of Jim Crow. Third Revised Edition. Oxford University Press, New York.
Carlton, Frank T.
1904 The South during the Last Decade. The Sewanee Review 12(2):174-181. XXX
Rabinowitz, Howard N.
1988 More Than the Woodward Thesis: Assessing the Strange Career of Jim Crow. The Journal of American History 75(3):842-856. XXX
Wynes, Charles E.
1967 The Evolution of Jim Crow Laws in Twentieth Century Virginia. Phylon 28(4):416-425. XXX
Folmsbee, Stanley J.
1949 The Origin of the First “Jim Crow” Law. The Journal of Southern History 15(2):235-247.
Washington, Booker T.
1910 The Negro’s Part in Southern Development. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 35(1):124-133.
Week 6: Travel, Transportation and Plessy V. Ferguson
Bishop, David W.
1977 Plessy V. Ferguson: A Reinterpretation. The Journal of Negro History 62(2):125-133. XXX
Stephenson, Gilbert Thomas
1909 The Separation of The Races in Public Conveyances. The American Political Science Review 3(2):180-204. XXX
Mack, Kenneth W.
1999 Law, Society, Identity, and the Making of the Jim Crow South: Travel and Segregation on Tennessee Railroads, 1875-1905. Law & Social Inquiry 24(2):377-409.
Kelley, Blair L. M.
2007 Right to Ride: African American Citizenship and Protest in the Era of “Plessy v. Ferguson.” African American Review 41(2):347-356. XXX
Meier, August and Elliott Rudwick
1973 Negro Boycotts of Segregated Streetcars in Virginia, 1904-1907. The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 81(4):479-487.
Foster, Mark S.
1999 In the Face of “Jim Crow”: Prosperous Blacks and Vacations, Travel and Outdoor Leisure, 1890-1945. The Journal of Negro History 84(2):130-149.
Kahrl, Andrew W.
2008 The Political Work of Leisure: Class, Recreation, and African American Commemoration at Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, 1881-1931. Journal of Social History 42(1):57-77.
Armstead, Myra B. Young
2005 Revisiting Hotels and Other Lodgings: American Tourist Spaces through the Lens of Black Pleasure-Travelers, 1880-1950. The Journal of Decorative and Propaganda Arts 25:136-159.
Chapter 1 (“Junction”) of Edward Ayers 2007 (The Promise of the New South: Life After Reconstruction – 15th Anniversary Edition)
Week 7: The Negro Problem
Shannon, A. H.
1907 Racial Integrity and Other Features of The Negro Problem. Publishing House of The M. E. Church: Nashville, TN.
Bruce, Philip Alexander
1911 Evolution of the Negro Problem. The Sewanee Review 19(4):385-399. XXX
McKinley, Carlyle
1889 An Appeal to Pharaoh; the Negro Problem, and its Radical Solution. Fords, Howard & Hulbert: New York, NY.
Myers, William Starr
1913 Some Present-Day Views of the Southern Race Problem. The Sewanee Review 21(3):341-349. XXX
Paschal, Andrew G.
1931 The Paradox of Negro Progress. The Journal of Negro History 16(3):251-265. XXX
Du Bois, W. E. Burghardt
1994 (1903) The Souls of Black Folk: Essays and Sketches. Dover Publications.
Week 8: Rural Living: Tenancy and Farm Life in The New South
Hibbard, Benjamin H.
1913 Tenancy in the Southern States. The Quarterly Journal of Economics 27(3):482-496. XXX
Branson, E. C.
1912 Rural Life in the South. Publications of the American Statistical Association 13(97):71-75.
Gray, Lewis Cecil
1912 Southern Agriculture, Plantation System, and the Negro Problem. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 40:90-99. XXX
Stone, Olive M.
1936 The Present Position of the Negro Farm Population: The Bottom Rung of the Farm Ladder. The Journal of Negro Education 5(1):20-31.
Davis, John P.
1936 A Survey of the Problems of the Negro Under the New Deal. The Journal of Negro Education 5(1):3-12.
Stine, Linda France
1990 Social Inequality and Turn-of-the-Century Farmsteads: Issues of Class, Status, Ethnicity, and Race. Historical Archaeology 24(4):37-49. XXX
Fisher, James S.
1973 Negro Farm Ownership in the South. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 63(4):478-489.
Chapter 4 (“Dry Goods”) of Edward Ayers 2007 (The Promise of the New South: Life After Reconstruction – 15th Anniversary Edition)
Stone, Percy H.
1917 Negro Migration. Outlook (Aug 1):520.
Johnson, Guy B.
1923 The Negro Migration and Its Consequences. Journal of Social Forces 2(1):404-408.
Week 9: Urban Living: Structural Violence in City Housing, Infrastructure and Spatial Segregation
Andrews, W. T.
1978 The Causes of Negro Migration From The South. The Journal of Negro History 63(4):366-372. XXX
Marks, Carole
1985 Black Workers and the Great Migration North. Phylon 46(2):148-161. XXX
Farley, Reynolds
1968 The Urbanization of Negroes in the United States. Journal of Social History 1(3):241-258.
Heathcott, Joseph
2005 Black Archipelago: Politics and Civic Life in the Jim Crow City. Journal of Social History 38(3):705-736.
Troesken, Werner
2002 The Limits of Jim Crow: Race and the Provision of Water and Sewerage Services in American Cities, 1880-1925. The Journal of Economic History 62(3):734-772.
Mullins, Paul R.
2006 Racializing the commonplace landscape: an archaeology of urban renewal along the color line. World Archaeology 38(1):60–71. XXX
Mullins, Paul R.
2001 Racializing the Parlor: Race and Victorian Bric-Brac Consumption. In Race and the Archaeology of Identity, edited by Charles E. Orser, Jr., pp. 158-176. The University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.
Chapter 3 (“In Town”) of Edward Ayers 2007 (The Promise of the New South: Life After Reconstruction – 15th Anniversary Edition)
Week 10: Segregation, Schools, and Brown v Board of Education
Highsmith, Andrew R. and Ansley T. Erickson
2015 Segregation as Splitting, Segregation as Joining: Schools, Housing, and the Many Modes of Jim Crow. American Journal of Education 121(4):563-595.
Fairclough, Adam
2000 “Being in the Field of Education and also Being a Negro…Seems…Tragic”: Black Teachers in the Jim Crow South. The Journal of American History 87(1):65-91. XXX
Cothran, Tilman C.
1965 The Negro Protest against Segregation in the South. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 357:65-72.
Abel, Elizabeth
1999 Bathroom Doors and Drinking Fountains: Jim Crow’s Racial Symbolic. Critical Inquiry 25(3):435-481. XXX
Messick, J. D.
1947 Negro Education in the South. The Journal of Educational Sociology 21(2):88-96. XXX
Roche, John P.
1954 Plessy v. Ferguson: Requiescat in Pace? University of Pennsylvania Law Review 103(1):44-58.
Chapter 4 of Alton Hornsby 2010 (African-Americans in the Post-Emancipation South: The Outsider’s View)
Week 11: Health, Life and Death
Jones, S. B.
1913 Fifty Years of Negro Public Health. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 49:138-146.
Frazier, E. Franklin
1925 Psychological Factors in Negro Health. The Journal of Social Forces 3(3):488-490.
Dublin, Louis I.
1937 The Problem of Negro Health as Revealed by Vital Statistics. The Journal of Negro Education 6(3):268-275.
Chivers, Walter R.
1939 Northward Migration and the Health of Negroes. The Journal of Negro Education 8(1):34-43.
Johnson, Charles S.
1949 The Socio-Economic Background of Negro Health Status. The Journal of Negro Education 18(3):429-435. XXX
Kiple, Kenneth and Virginia Kiple
1980 The African Connection: Slavery, Disease and Racism. Phylon 41(3):211-222.
Patterson, Andrea
2009 Germs and Jim Crow: The Impact of Microbiology on Public Health Policies in Progressive Era American South. Journal of the History of Biology 42(3):529-559. XXX
Davidson, James M., Jerome C. Rose, Myron Gutmann, Michael Haines, Cindy Condon, and Keith Condon
2002 The Quality of African-American Life in The Old Southwest Near the Turn of the 20th Century. In The Backbone of History: Health and Nutrition in the Western Hemisphere, Richard Steckel and Jerome C. Rose, editors, pp. 226-277. Cambridge University Press, England.
Hoffman, Frederick L.
1896 Race Traits and Tendencies of the American Negro. American Economic Association (Volume XI, Nos. 1,2, and 3). Macmillan Company: New York, NY.
Rose, Jerome C.
1989 Biological Consequences of Segregation and Economic Deprivation: A Post-Slavery Population from Southwest Arkansas. The Journal of Economic History 49(2):351-360. XXX
Brandt, Allan M.
1978 Racism and Research: The Case of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study. The Hastings Center Report 8(6):21-29.
Week 12: Lynching, Riots and Interpersonal Violence
Davidson, James M.
2008 Identity and Violent Death: Contextualizing Lethal Gun Violence within the African-American Community of Dallas, TX (1900-1907). The Journal of Social Archaeology 8(3):321-356.
Tolnay, Stewart E. and E. M. Beck
1995 A Festival of Violence: An Analysis of Southern Lynchings, 1882-1930. University of Illinois Press.
Cutler, James Elbert
1905 Lynch-Law: An Investigation into The History of Lynching in The United States. Longmans, Green, and Co: New York, NY.
White, Walter F.
1929 I Investigate Lynchings. American Mercury (January).
Bailey, Amy Kate, Stewart E. Tolnay, E. M. Beck and Jennifer D. Laird
2011 Targeting Lynch Victims: Social Marginality or Status Transgressions? American Sociological Review 76(3):412-436. XXX
Perloff, Richard M.
2000 The Press and Lynchings of African Americans. Journal of Black Studies 30(3):315-330. XXX
Collins, Winfield H.
1918 The Truth about Lynching and The Negro in The South, in which The Author Pleads that the South be Made Safe for The White Race. The Neale Publishing Company: New York, NY.
Week 13: No Class – Veterans Day
Week 14: Body Image, Cosmetics, and Race Pride
Clark, Kenneth B. and Clark, Mamie P.
1947 “Racial identification and preference among negro children.” In Readings in Social Psychology, edited by E. L. Hartley, pp. 169-178. Holt, Rinehart, and Winston: New York, NY.
Clark, Kenneth B.
1955 Prejudice and Your Child. The Beacon Press, Boston.
Dunford, Francis Marion
1924 Conflicting Forces in Negro Progress. Journal of Social Forces 3(1):701-705.
Dorman, Jacob S.
2011 Skin Bleach and Civilization: The Racial Formation of Blackness in 1920s Harlem. The Journal of Pan African Studies 4(4):47-80. XXX
Gooden, Amoaba
2011 Visual Representations of Feminine Beauty in the Black Press: 1915-1950. The Journal of Pan African Studies 4(4):81-96. XXX
Johnson, Guy B.
1925 Newspaper Advertisements and Negro Culture. Journal of Social Forces 3(4):706-709.
Kephart, William M.
1948 Is the American Negro Becoming Lighter? An Analysis of the Sociological and Biological Trends. American Sociological Review 13(4):437-443.
Mehaffy, Marilyn Maness
1997 Advertising Race/Raceing Advertising: The Feminine Consumer (-Nation), 1876-1900. Signs 23(1):131-174.
Morland, J. Kenneth
1963 The Development of Racial Bias in Young Children. Theory into Practice 2(3):120-127. XXX
Week 15: The New Negro and Harlem Renaissance
Morse, Josiah
1920 The Outlook for the Negro. The Sewanee Review 28(2):152-159. XXX
Paschal, Andrew G.
1931 The Paradox of Negro Progress. The Journal of Negro History 16(3):251-265. XXX
Selections of Black Poetry from the 1920s, 1930s
Wright, Richard
1937 “The Ethics of Living Jim Crow: An Autobiographical Sketch”. (from Uncle Tom’s Children).
Johnson, James Weldon
(1912/1927) The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man (Dover Thrift Editions)
Rampersad, Arnold
2002 The Book That Launched the Harlem Renaissance. The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education 38(Winter):87-91.
Holloway, Jonathan Scott
1995 Harlem Renaissance Scholars Debate the Route to Racial Progress. The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education 8:60-63.
Week 16: Documenting and Preserving Jim Crow Era Heritage Sites
Carpenter, Lucas
2001 Old Times There Are Best Forgotten: The Future of Confederate Symbolism in the South. Callaloo 24(1):32-37. XXX
Barile, Kerri S.
2004 Race, the National Register, and Cultural Resource Management: Creating an Historical Context for Postbellum Sites. Historical Archaeology 38(1):90-100.
Davidson, James M.
2004 “Living Symbols of their Lifelong Struggles”: In Search of the home and household in the Heart of Freedman’s Town, Dallas, Texas. In Household Chores and Household Choices: Theorizing the domestic Sphere in Historical Archaeology, edited by Kerri S. Barile and Jamie C. Brandon, pp. 75-106. The University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa
Hoelscher, Steven
2003 Making Place, Making Race: Performances of Whiteness in the Jim Crow South. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 93(3):657-686. XXX
Weyeneth, Robert R.
2005 The Architecture of Racial Segregation: The Challenges of Preserving the Problematical Past. The Public Historian 27(4):11-44. XXX
Shackel, Paul A.
2001 Public Memory and the Search for Power in American Historical Archaeology. American Anthropologist 103(3):655-670.