{"id":647,"date":"2021-04-08T17:49:36","date_gmt":"2021-04-08T21:49:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/people.clas.ufl.edu\/fcurta\/?page_id=647"},"modified":"2026-03-19T08:55:46","modified_gmt":"2026-03-19T12:55:46","slug":"history-of-orthodox-christianity-weekly-topics","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/people.clas.ufl.edu\/fcurta\/history-of-orthodox-christianity-weekly-topics\/","title":{"rendered":"History of Orthodox Christianity &#8211; Weekly Topics"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n<section class=\"fullwidth-text-block\">\r\n\t<div class=\"container px-0 pt-5\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"row align-items-start\">\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">History of Orthodox Christianity &#8211; Weekly Topics<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffcc33\">Week 1 (January 5-7):\u00a0<\/span>Introduction.\u00a0 Early Christian Church<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>the early organization of the Christian Church\u00a0[<em>Coakley<\/em>\u00a03-5]<\/li>\n<li>the rite of the Eucharist and early liturgical practice [<em>Coakley<\/em>\u00a012-16]<\/li>\n<li>Christian rituals [<em>Coakley<\/em>\u00a017-22]<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Read:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.biblegateway.com\/passage\/?search=genesis+2%3A16-18&amp;version=NLT\"><i>Genesis<\/i>\u00a02.16-18<\/a>;\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.biblegateway.com\/passage\/?search=Galatians+4%3A4-5&amp;version=NLT\"><i>Galatians\u00a0<\/i>4.4<\/a>;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.biblegateway.com\/passage\/?search=romans+5%3A12&amp;version=NLT\">Romans 5:12<\/a><br>\nsee\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/vimeo.com\/22858671\">a talk<\/a>\u00a0with John P. Meier, the author of\u00a0<em>A Marginal Jew. Rethinking the Historical Jesus<\/em>\u00a0(New York, 1991-2009)<br>\nfor an example of Judaic religious practices of the first century A.D., see a description of the rituals prescribed for the sacrifices on the Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur) in the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/people.clas.ufl.edu\/fcurta\/content-removed\/\"><i>Mishnah<\/i><\/a><br>\nsee a reconstruction of the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/knightsoftemplar.files.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/solomon-temple.jpg\">Temple of Solomon<\/a>\u00a0on the basis of its description in the Bible<br>\nfor the destruction of the Temple of Jerusalem, see the account of\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/pages\/frontline\/shows\/religion\/maps\/primary\/josephussack.html\">Flavius Josephus<\/a><br>\nfor the Essenes, see the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ibiblio.org\/expo\/deadsea.scrolls.exhibit\/intro.html\">Dead Sea scrolls<\/a><br>\nfor the early Christian rites of baptism and Eucharist, see the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.earlychristianwritings.com\/didache.html\">Didache<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffcc33\">Week 2 (January 10-14):\u00a0<\/span>Persecutions, martyrdom, and saints. St. Constantine, Nicaea, and the foundation of the imperial church<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>the history of anti-Christian persecutions\u00a0[<em>Coakley<\/em>\u00a023-24, 37-43]<\/li>\n<li>changes in Christian practice and\u00a0organization; the problem of martyrdom and the cult of the saints [<em>Coakley<\/em>\u00a030-37, 44-47, 68-76, 159-163]<\/li>\n<li>St. Constantine and the imperial church\u00a0[<em>Coakley<\/em>\u00a087-97, 107-112, 122-130]<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>see a\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ntcanon.org\/mapbig.shtml\">map<\/a>\u00a0showing the spread of Christianity within the Roman Empire, ca. 300 A.D.<br>\nfor the account of Perpetua&#8217;s martyrdom, see the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/pages\/frontline\/shows\/religion\/maps\/primary\/perpetua.html\">passion of SS. Perpetua and Felicity<\/a><br>\nsee\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.fordham.edu\/halsall\/source\/conv-const.html\">Eusebius&#8217; account<\/a>\u00a0of Emperor Constantine&#8217;s conversion to Christianity and a\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.roman-emperors.org\/conniei.htm\">modern account\u00a0<\/a>of the emperor&#8217;s reign<br>\nsee the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.fordham.edu\/halsall\/source\/edict-milan.html\">Edict of Milan<\/a>\u00a0(313)<br>\nsee the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.goarch.org\/chapel\/liturgical_texts\/creed\">Nicaean Creed<\/a>\u00a0(325)<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffcc33\">Week 3 (January 17-21):\u00a0<\/span>Christological debates and ecumenical councils.\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">In-class assignment #1<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>the problem of heresy; Arianism and Nicaea [<em>Coakley<\/em>\u00a058-66; 66-67, 76-82, 98-102;\u00a0<em>Geanakoplos<\/em>\u00a0145-148, 327-328]<\/li>\n<li>the doctrine of papal primacy and the Chalcedonian compromise [<em>Coakley<\/em>\u00a0119-122, 165-174, 176-183, 183-187;\u00a0<em>Geanakoplos<\/em>\u00a0148-150, 180-181]<\/li>\n<li>missions outside the Empire; Christian literature and art [<em>Coakley<\/em>\u00a0188-193;\u00a0<em>Geanakoplos<\/em>\u00a0117, 192-197, 344]<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>see a short history of\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.earlychristianhistory.info\/arius.html\">Arianism<\/a><br>\nsee the Chalcedonian definition of faith (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ccel.org\/fathers\/NPNF2-14\/4chalcedon\/faith.htm\">Fourth Ecumenical Council<\/a>, 451) and an\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.orthodoxinfo.com\/ecumenism\/hist_fourth.aspx\">account<\/a>\u00a0of the Fourth Ecumenical Council<br>\nread a sermon of\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.fordham.edu\/Halsall\/source\/leo1a.asp\">Pope Leo I on the doctrine of papal primacy<\/a><br>\nsee James Allan Evans,\u00a0<i><a href=\"http:\/\/www.roman-emperors.org\/justinia.htm\">Justinian<\/a><\/i>\u00a0and the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/etc.usf.edu\/maps\/pages\/1700\/1777\/1777.htm\">on-line map<\/a>; visit the site of Justinian&#8217;s hometown, Iustiniana Prima (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PvW0j0dcAMk\">Cari\u010din Grad<\/a>)<br>\nread Pope\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.fordham.edu\/halsall\/source\/590greg1-pastoralrule2.html\">Gregory the Great&#8217;s Book on the Pastoral Rule<\/a>\u00a0(ca. 590)<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffcc33\">Week 4 (January 24-28):\u00a0<\/span>Monasticism<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>early monasticism in Egypt and varieties of ascetic experiences [<em>Coakley<\/em>\u00a0131-144, 147-158;\u00a0<em>Geanakoplos<\/em>\u00a0177-178, 187-188]<\/li>\n<li>early monastic rules [Coakley\u00a0144-147]<\/li>\n<li>Mount Athos<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>see the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.fordham.edu\/halsall\/basis\/vita-antony.html\">Life of St. Antony\u00a0<\/a>\u00a0 and a\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.coptic.net\/synexarion\/Anthony.txt\">presentation<\/a>\u00a0of his life and activity<br>\nsee the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/people.clas.ufl.edu\/fcurta\/content-removed\/\">Life of Pachomius<\/a><br>\nsee a brief presentation of the life and work of\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/orthodoxwiki.org\/John_Cassian\">John Cassian<\/a>\u00a0and an excerpt from the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.fordham.edu\/halsall\/source\/rul-benedict-excerp.html\">Benedictine Rule<\/a><br>\nread the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.goarch.org\/-\/the-divine-liturgy-of-saint-basil-the-great\">Divine Liturgy of St. Basil the Great<\/a>\u00a0and compare with that of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.goarch.org\/-\/the-divine-liturgy-of-saint-john-chrysostom\">St. John Chrysostom<\/a>\u00a0and with the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.goarch.org\/-\/the-lenten-liturgies\">Liturgy of the Pre-Sanctified<\/a>\u00a0(a Lenten liturgy)<br>\nsee a selection of the most important\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ccel.org\/ccel\/schaff\/npnf208.toc.html\">works of St. Basil the Great<\/a><br>\n<span style=\"color: #ffcc33\">Week 5 (January 31-February 4):\u00a0<\/span>The rise of Islam and the Iconoclastic Controversy.\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">In-class assignment #2<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>early Islam and Christianity [<em>Coakley<\/em>\u00a0231-242]<\/li>\n<li>Iconoclasm [<em>Coakley<\/em>\u00a0289-297;\u00a0<em>Geanakoplo<\/em>s\u00a0154-158]<\/li>\n<li>Christianity outside Byzantium during the Iconoclastic Controversy [<em>Coakley<\/em>\u00a0243-251]<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>see a brief presentation of\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.roman-emperors.org\/heraclis.htm\">Emperor Heraclius<\/a>&#8216; reign and an\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.fordham.edu\/halsall\/med\/herrin.html\">account of his religious policies<\/a>, with a particular emphasis on the Monoenergetic issue<br>\nsee a couple of\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.fordham.edu\/halsall\/source\/koran-sel.asp\">surahs from the Quran<\/a>\u00a0and the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.fordham.edu\/halsall\/source\/pact-umar.html\">Pact of Umar<\/a>, following the Muslim conquest of Jerusalem<br>\nsee an aniconic Muslim coin (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.zeno.ru\/showphoto.php?photo=7118&amp;size=big&amp;sort=1&amp;cat=500\">dirhem<\/a>) and several views of the Dome of the Rock (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.greatbuildings.com\/cgi-bin\/gbi.cgi\/Dome_of_the_Rock.html\/cid_2250843.gbi\">exterior<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/traveldigg.com\/dome-of-the-rock-victory-monument-of-muslims\/\">interior<\/a>, and\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.atlastours.net\/holyland\/dome_of_the_rock_inside.jpg\">cross section<\/a>)<br>\nsee two coins of Emperor Justinian II\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/tkandell\/148176377\/\">before<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/tkandell\/148104406\/\">after<\/a>\u00a0the introduction of Christ&#8217;s portrait<br>\nsee al-Baladhuri&#8217;s account of the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.fordham.edu\/halsall\/source\/yarmuk.html\">battle at the Yarmuk River<\/a>\u00a0(636)<br>\nsee a\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.fordham.edu\/halsall\/ikon\/whit1.gif\">map<\/a>\u00a0of the Byzantine Empire during the seventh and early eighth century<br>\nsee\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.fordham.edu\/halsall\/maps\/byzthemes.jpg\">a map<\/a>\u00a0of the Byzantine Empire and the Arab Caliphate during the tenth century<br>\nsee\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.fordham.edu\/Halsall\/source\/johndam-icons.asp\">St. John of Damascus&#8217; defense of the icons<\/a>\u00a0and the canons of the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.fordham.edu\/halsall\/source\/icono-cncl754.html\">iconoclastic Church council<\/a>\u00a0of 754 and of the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.fordham.edu\/Halsall\/source\/nicea2-dec.asp\">Seventh Ecumenical Council<\/a>\u00a0(787) that restored the cult of the icons<br>\nfor quick reference, see a\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/toah\/hd\/icon\/hd_icon.htm\">brief survey<\/a>\u00a0of the iconoclastic controversy<br>\nsee a\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.holytrinityorthodox.com\/calendar\/los\/February\/11-04.htm\">portrait<\/a>\u00a0 of St. Theodora, the empress who finally restored the cult of the icons (843)<br>\nsee a brief presentation of the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.goarch.org\/sunday-of-orthodoxy\">Sunday of Orthodoxy<\/a>, the first Sunday of Lent<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffcc33\">Week 6 (February 7-11):\u00a0<\/span>Orthodoxy in the ninth and tenth centuries<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The victory of the iconodules and the reform of monasticism [<em>Geanakoplos<\/em>\u00a0168-172]<\/li>\n<li>Christianity spreads to the Slavs: Moravia,\u00a0Bulgaria, and Rus&#8217; [<em>Coakley<\/em>\u00a0302-310, 310-315;\u00a0<em>Geanakoplos<\/em>\u00a0347-350, 351-353]<\/li>\n<li>the Photian Schism and the first confrontation with the Western church [<em>Coakley<\/em>\u00a0297-302;\u00a0<em>Geanakoplos<\/em>\u00a0203-204, 205]<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>see the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/thomas-hero-byzantine-monastic-foundation-documents\/page\/96\/mode\/2up\">Rule of the Monastery of St. John Stoudios<\/a>\u00a0in Constantinople, the most important monastic rule following the Iconoclastic Controversy<br>\nsee a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/nl.ijs.si\/e-zrc\/bs\/index-en.html\">brief presentation<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/kodeks.uni-bamberg.de\/AltSloven\/Quellen\/ASLFreisingF.htm\">facsimile<\/a>\u00a0(sample copy) of the Freising Lists<br>\nsee an introduction to the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/writing\/glagolitic.htm\">Glagolitic script<\/a><br>\nsee a biography of\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.photius.com\/photios\/intro.html\">Patriarch Photius<\/a><br>\nsee a brief biography of\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/oca.org\/saints\/lives\/2014\/05\/02\/101277-st-boris-in-holy-baptism-michael-equal-of-the-apostles-prince-an\">Prince Boris of Bulgaria<\/a><br>\nsee an icon of\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/17\/Saint_Clement_of_Ohrid_%28icon,_13th-14th_century%29.jpg\">St. Clement of Ohrid<\/a>\u00a0(now in the St. Mary Most Glorious Church in Ohrid)<br>\nvisit\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/32\/Saint_Panteleimon_Ohrid.jpg\">St. Clement&#8217;s monastery &#8220;St. Panteleimon&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0and the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.exploringmacedonia.com\/content\/images\/Sv.%20Naum\/large\/St.%20Naum%20Monastery%20by%20Ohrid%20municipality%20.jpg\">monastery of St. Naum<\/a>\u00a0in Ohrid<br>\n<span style=\"color: #ffcc33\"><br>\nWeek 7 (February 14-18):\u00a0<\/span>The papal policies and state and increasing tension between the West and the East.\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">In-class assignment #3<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>the rise of the papal states [<em>Geanakoplos<\/em>\u00a0202-203]<\/li>\n<li>the history of the\u00a0<em>filioque<\/em>\u00a0and the azyme issue<\/li>\n<li>East Christian art and architecture [Geanakoplos\u00a0189-190]<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>watch\u00a0portions of the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=gF0bywNtQis\">Orthros<\/a>\u00a0(in English), the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fK_Srh-CRzA\">Great Litany<\/a>\u00a0(in English), the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XQoimScWFLQ\">Small Entrance<\/a>\u00a0(in Greek), the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Tmf4Hlza4nw\">epistle reading<\/a>\u00a0(in English), the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=skbUGFXZU6E\">Gospel passage<\/a>\u00a0(on Easter, in English), the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=IA1OVQu1k1Q\">Great Entrance<\/a>\u00a0(in English), the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ZFtNAvi-Xh4\">Communion<\/a>\u00a0(in Romanian); listen to the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=QchJVkTw7hI\">Cherubic Hymn<\/a>\u00a0(in Greek), the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ddYxwJ9V55E\">Nicaean Creed<\/a>\u00a0(in Georgian), the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=I9p---FA48s\">Thrice Holy Hymn<\/a>\u00a0(in English),\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=WGNo913Gg2Q\">&#8220;We Praise Thee&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(in Slavonic), the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=mKwHVnQpDl0\">Lord&#8217;s Prayer<\/a>\u00a0(in Ethiopian Ge&#8217;ez)<br>\nvisit the basilica of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ravennamosaici.it\/en\/basilica-of-saintapollinare-nuovo\/\">Sant&#8217;Apollinare Nuovo<\/a>\u00a0in Ravenna<br>\nvisit\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.greatbuildings.com\/buildings\/Hagia_Sophia.html\">Hagia Sophia<\/a>\u00a0in Constantinople<br>\nsee a picture\u00a0of the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.byzantium1200.com\/images\/atik.jpg\">Church of Saint Elias<\/a>\u00a0(now Atik Mustafa Camii in Istanbul)<br>\nvisit the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/3b\/Image-ZeyrekCamii20061230_02.jpg\">Church of Christ Pantocrator<\/a>\u00a0(now\u00a0 Zeyrek Camii in Istanbul)<br>\nsee a picture of the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/webapp1.dlib.indiana.edu\/cushman\/results\/detail.do?pnum=P14159\">Church of the Holy Apostles<\/a>\u00a0in Athens<br>\nvisit the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.medievalmosaics.com\/mosaics\/98\">Monastery of St. Luke<\/a>\u00a0in Phokis<br>\nvisit the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.greeka.com\/attica\/athens\/sightseeing\/daphni-monastery\/\">Daphni Monastery<\/a>\u00a0near Athens<br>\nsee pictures of the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.uazone.net\/go\/gallery.cgi?gallery=Kyiv&amp;what=churches&amp;ac=show&amp;id=182\">St. Sophia Cathedral in Kiev<\/a>\u00a0and of\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.sicilytourist.com\/incominginsicily\/palermo\/church__martorana.htm\">Santa Maria dell&#8217;Amiraglio (&#8220;La Martorana&#8221;)<\/a>\u00a0in Palermo<br>\nsee the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.fordham.edu\/halsall\/source\/toledo.txt\">Creed of the Council of Toledo (675)<\/a><br>\nread the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.fordham.edu\/halsall\/source\/donatconst.html\">Donation of Constantine<\/a><br>\nsee a brief description of the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/history.howstuffworks.com\/historical-events\/dead-pope-put-on-trial.htm\">&#8220;cadaver synod&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0that condemned Pope Formosus posthumously (897)<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffcc33\">Week 8 (February 21-25):\u00a0<\/span>The Great Schism: causes, developments, consequences [<em>Angold<\/em>\u00a03-78]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>the road to 1054 and to the sack of Constantinople in 1204 [<em>Geanakoplos<\/em>\u00a0140-141, 206-216, 362]<\/li>\n<li>the Bogomil heresy and State-Church relations [<em>Geanakoplos<\/em>\u00a0139-140, 141-142, 143-144, 150, 158-161]<\/li>\n<li>the problem of church unity between 1204 and 1439 [<em>Geanakoplos<\/em>\u00a0215, 216-221, 368, 369-371]<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>see a brief presentation of the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.mb-soft.com\/believe\/txc\/gschism.htm\">Great Schism<\/a>\u00a0(together with a presentation\u00a0 of the Great Schism in the Catholic church, for which see below)<br>\nread the decisions of the Councils of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ewtn.com\/catholicism\/library\/history-and-text-1468\">Lyons<\/a>\u00a0(1274) and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ewtn.com\/catholicism\/library\/ecumenical-council-of-florence-1438-1445-1461\">Florence<\/a>\u00a0(1438\/9)<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffcc33\">Week 9 (February 28-March 4) :\u00a0<\/span>Western Scholasticism and Orthodoxy [<em>Angold<\/em>\u00a079-100].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>western scholasticism [<em>Coakley<\/em>\u00a0339-354]<\/li>\n<li>St. Symeon the New Theologian and Byzantine mysticism [<em>Geanakoplos<\/em>\u00a0182, 184-186]<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>see a brief presentation of the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/liberalartsedu.org\/faq\/what-are-the-7-liberal-arts\/\">seven liberal arts<\/a><br>\nsee a brief presentation of the life and theology of\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.philosophypages.com\/ph\/anse.htm\">Anselm of Canterbury<\/a><br>\nsee a presentation of\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.newadvent.org\/cathen\/13189c.htm\">Roscelinus<\/a>&#8216; tritheist dogma<br>\nsee excerpts from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.fordham.edu\/Halsall\/source\/1120abelard.asp\">Peter Abelard&#8217;s\u00a0Sic et non<\/a><br>\nsee\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.fordham.edu\/halsall\/source\/nogent-auto.html\">Guibert of Nogent&#8217;s autobiography<\/a><br>\nsee\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.fordham.edu\/halsall\/source\/bacon2.html\">Roger Bacon on experimental science<\/a><br>\nsee\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.fordham.edu\/halsall\/source\/heloise1.html\">Heloise&#8217;s letter to Abelard<\/a>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffcc33\">Week 10 (March 7-11) : Spring break. No classes<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffcc33\">Week 11 (March 14-18):\u00a0<\/span>Armenian, Nestorian, and Ethiopian Christianity in the Middle Ages [<em>Angold<\/em>\u00a0373-403, 404-429, 457-487]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Armenians<\/li>\n<li>Nestorians and Jacobites [<em>Coakley<\/em>\u00a0243-247]<\/li>\n<li>Ethiopians [<em>Coakley<\/em>\u00a0384-395]<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>see\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.freeworldmaps.net\/asia\/caucasus\/caucasus-map.jpg\">landscape<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/04\/Ancient_countries_of_Transcaucasia.jpg\">political\u00a0<\/a>maps of Transcaucasia in Late Antiquity and the early Middle Ages<br>\nsee the Church in\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/virtualani.org\/mren\/index.htm\">Mren<\/a>\u00a0and visit\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/toptrip.info\/en\/destinations\/etchmiadzin\/\">Echmiadzin<\/a>, and\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/37\/Akhtamar_Island_on_Lake_Van_with_the_Armenian_Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Cross.jpg\">Akhtamar<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.dusekarpat.cz\/foto\/ukrajina\/lvov-4-v.jpg\">Lviv<\/a>\u00a0and the Armenian cemetery in\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/riowang.blogspot.com\/2009\/07\/armenian-cemetery-of-julfa.html\">Julfa<\/a><br>\nsee a\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.armenian-history.com\/images\/maps\/Cilician_Armenian_Kingdom.png\">map<\/a>\u00a0of the Kingdom of Cilicia<br>\nsee the All-Savior Church in Julfa (<a href=\"http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/b4\/Vank_Cathedral%2C_Armenian_Quarter%2C_Esfahan%2C_Iran.jpg\">exterior<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/2b\/Vank_Cathedral_interior.jpg\">interior<\/a>\u00a0views) and the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/da\/Saint_Gregory_the_Illuminator_Cathedral%2C_Yerevan-5.jpg\">Cathedral of St. Gregory the Illuminator<\/a>\u00a0in Erevan<br>\nsee a map of the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.armenian-genocide.org\/map-full.html\">Armenian genocide<\/a><br>\nsee a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Axum#\/media\/File:Aksumite_empire.svg\">map<\/a>\u00a0of the Kingdom of Aksum<br>\nsee the rock-hewn Church of St. George in Lalibela\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/aphs.worldnomads.com\/fklm\/30154\/Ephiphany_cleberation.jpg\">(above-ground<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/whc.unesco.org\/en\/list\/18\/\">close<\/a>\u00a0views) and the ruins of the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/umngondarproject.files.wordpress.com\/2014\/05\/wpid-imag0694.jpg\">Dabra Sahay<\/a>\u00a0in Qusquam<br>\nsee the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/5c\/Aksum%2C_chiesa_vecchia_di_santa_maria_di_zion%2C_02.jpg\">Church of St. Mary of Zion in Aksum<\/a>,\u00a0the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/travelationship.com\/debre-birhan-selassie-church-in-gondar\/\">Church of the Savior of the World in Gondar<\/a>\u00a0and the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/f5\/Addis_abeba%2C_chiesa_della_trinit%C3%A0%2C_esterno_02.jpg\">Trinity Cathedral\u00a0<\/a>in Addis Abeba\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffcc33\">Week 12 (March 21-25):\u00a0<\/span>Renaissance and Orthodoxy [<em>Angold<\/em>\u00a0101-186 and 253-301].\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">In-class assignment #4<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>religious thought and piety in the West and in the East [<em>Geanakoplos<\/em>\u00a0186-187]<\/li>\n<li>Hesychasm [<em>Geanakoplos<\/em>\u00a0183-186]<\/li>\n<li>Russian monasticism and spirituality (Sergei of Radonezh and Nil Sorskii)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>see a\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.fordham.edu\/halsall\/source\/14cpetrarch-pope.html\">letter of Petrarch\u00a0<\/a>\n\n\n\n<p>criticizing the Avignon papacy<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>see a general presentation of the\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.thenagain.info\/webchron\/westeurope\/greatschism.html\">Great Schism<\/a>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00a0(1378-1415)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>see a decree of the\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.fordham.edu\/halsall\/source\/1409pisa.html\">Council of Pisa<\/a>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00a0(1409)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>see a brief presentation of the first humanist pope,\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.newadvent.org\/cathen\/11058a.htm\">Nicholas V<\/a>\n\n\n\n<p>see a brief biography of Pope\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.newadvent.org\/cathen\/14032b.htm\">Sixtus IV<\/a>\n\n\n\n<p>see a brief biography of\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.newadvent.org\/cathen\/03447a.htm\">Catherine of Siena<\/a>\n\n\n\n<p>see selections from\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.fordham.edu\/halsall\/source\/marsiglio4.html\">Marsiglio of Padua&#8217;s\u00a0<\/a>\n\n\n\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.fordham.edu\/halsall\/source\/marsiglio4.html\">Defender of Peace<\/a>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00a0(1324)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>see excerpts from\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.passtheword.org\/DIALOGS-FROM-THE-PAST\/kempis.htm\">Thomas a Kempis&#8217;\u00a0Imitation of Christ<\/a>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00a0(1425)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>see\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.fordham.edu\/halsall\/source\/wyclif-euch.html\">John Wycliffe&#8217;s views<\/a>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00a0on the sacrament of communion<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>see\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.fordham.edu\/halsall\/mod\/1415janhus.html\">Jan Hus&#8217;s final declaration<\/a>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00a0(1415)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>see a biography of\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<a href=\"http:\/\/sgpm.goarch.org\/Monastery\/index.php?p=33\">St. Gregory Palamas<\/a>\n\n\n\n<p>, complete with\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<a href=\"http:\/\/sgpm.goarch.org\/Monastery\/?p=35\">excerpts from his writings<\/a>\n\n\n\n<p>see selected writings on\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.fordham.edu\/Halsall\/source\/hesychasm1.asp\">Hesychasm<\/a>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffcc33\">Week 13 (March 28-April 1):\u00a0<\/span>Reformation and Orthodoxy [<em>Angold<\/em> 187-209 and 302-372]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Refromation and Counter-Reformation<\/li>\n<li>Orthodox-Protestant dialogue<\/li>\n<li>Cyril Loukaris and Peter Mohyla<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>see a brief biography of\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.historyguide.org\/intellect\/savonarola.html\">Gerolamo Savonarola<\/a><br>\nbrowse\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.gutenberg.org\/files\/20179\/20179-h\/20179-h.htm\">Sebastian Brant&#8217;s\u00a0<\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/www.gutenberg.org\/files\/20179\/20179-h\/20179-h.htm\">Ship of Fools<\/a>\u00a0(1494; with\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/europeancollections.wordpress.com\/2021\/05\/07\/the-ship-of-fools-an-early-printing-sensation\/\">illustrations<\/a>) and read an excerpt from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/elfinspell.com\/WhitcombLetters.html\">Ulrich von Hutten&#8217;s\u00a0Letters of Obscure Men\u00a0(1515)<\/a><br>\nsee an excerpt from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/people.clas.ufl.edu\/fcurta\/content-removed\/\">Thomas More&#8217;s\u00a0Utopia<\/a><br>\nread\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.luther.de\/en\/95thesen.html\">Luther&#8217;s 95 Theses (1517)<\/a>\u00a0and about his famous\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.fordham.edu\/halsall\/mod\/1519luther-tower.html\">&#8220;tower experience&#8221;<\/a><br>\nbrowse through two of Luther&#8217;s major works of 1520:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/history.hanover.edu\/texts\/luthad.html\">An Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation<\/a>; and the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.fordham.edu\/Halsall\/mod\/luther-freedomchristian.asp\">Liberty of the Christian Man<\/a><br>\nsee ashort presentation of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.christianitytoday.com\/history\/people\/moversandshakers\/ulrich-zwingli.html\">Ulrich Zwingli<\/a>&#8216;s life and activity<br>\nread an excerpt from John Calvin&#8217;s\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.thenagain.info\/Classes\/Sources\/Calvin.html\">Institutes of the Christian Religion<\/a>\u00a0(1536) (with another excerpt on\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.fordham.edu\/halsall\/mod\/calvin-predest.html\">predestination<\/a>)<br>\nbrowse through the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/history.hanover.edu\/texts\/trent.html\">canons of the Council of Trent\u00a0<\/a>(1545-1563) and read an excerpt from Ignatius of Loyola&#8217;s\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.fordham.edu\/halsall\/source\/loyola-spirex.html\">Spiritual Exercises<\/a><br>\nsee a brief history of the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.archons.org\/the-ecumenical-patriarchate\/phanar?content=The+Ecumenical+Patriarchate+through+the+Ages\">Ecumenical Patriarchate under Ottoman rule<\/a><br>\nsee a historical comment on the contemporary press coverage of the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/orthodoxhistory.org\/2010\/03\/25\/the-death-of-patriarch-gregory-v-of-constantinople-1821\/\">murder of Patriarch Gregory<\/a>\u00a0V (1821) and a picture of the closed\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/08\/Saint_Peter_Gate_01.jpg\">Phanar gate<\/a>\u00a0of the Patriarchal compound in Istanbul<br>\nsee a portrait of\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/e\/ef\/Cyril_Lucaris_1632_Geneva.jpg\">Cyril Loukaris<\/a>\u00a0and another of\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/4\/47\/Mohyla_Petro.jpg\">Peter Mohyla<\/a><br>\nsee the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.encyclopediaofukraine.com\/pic%5CO%5CS%5COstrih%20Bible.jpg\">Ostrih Slavonic Bible<\/a>\u00a0(1581) and the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.omologitis.org\/?page_id=1538&amp;lang=en\">Confession of Dositheus<\/a>\u00a0(1672)<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffcc00\">Week 14 (April 4-8):\u00a0<\/span>Orthodoxy during the\u00a0modern period (17th-20th cc.) [<em>Angold<\/em>\u00a0210-252, 488-538, and 558-599].\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">In-class assignment #5<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Vasyl Bars&#8217;kyi and Orthodoxy in the Balkans<\/li>\n<li>Copts and the Syriac Church<\/li>\n<li>Orthodoxy and Communism<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>see an article on\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.orthodoxengland.org.uk\/nikon.htm\">Patriarch Nikon of Moscow<\/a><br>\nsee\u00a0portraits of\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/72\/Peter_der-Grosse_1838.jpg\">Peter the Great<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/f1\/Catherine_II_by_J.B.Lampi_%281780s%2C_Kunsthistorisches_Museum%29.jpg\">Catherine II<\/a><br>\nsee an aerial view of the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-ozTasg3vdJY\/UKpIJL6g2FI\/AAAAAAAAcDI\/ALIi55uDX44\/s1600\/russia2.jpg\">Optina monastery<\/a>\u00a0and portraits of\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.encyclopediaofukraine.com\/pic%5CV%5CE%5CVelychkovsky%20Paisii.jpg\">Paisii Velychkovski<\/a>\u00a0and of\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/img0.liveinternet.ru\/images\/attach\/c\/1\/\/61\/376\/61376440_Prepodobnuyy_Amvrosiy_Grenkov_starec_Optinoy_pustuyni.jpg\">Amvrosii (Grenkov)\u00a0<\/a>of Optina<br>\nsee portraits of Sts.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/db\/NH-TihonZadonsky-sait.JPG\">Tikhon of Zadonsk<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/theinnerkingdom.files.wordpress.com\/2009\/11\/tseraphim.jpg\">Seraphim of Sarov<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/orthochristian.com\/113979.html\">Theophan the Recluse<\/a>, and\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/orthodoxchurchquotes.files.wordpress.com\/2013\/07\/st-john-of-kronstadt-9.jpg\">John of Kronstadt<\/a><br>\nsee portraits of\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/b5\/Tikhon_of_Moscow.jpg\">Patriarch Tikhon of Moscow<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/commons.orthodoxwiki.org\/images\/0\/02\/Vladimir_Metropolitan_of_Moscow.gif\">Metropolitan Vladimir of Kiev<\/a>, and of\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/78\/Mitr_sergiy.jpg\">Metropolitan Sergius<\/a>\u00a0of Moscow and Kolomna<br>\nsee a history of the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.pravoslavieto.com\/docs\/eng\/history_of_the_bulgarian_orthodox_church.htm\">Bulgarian Orthodox Church<\/a>, and visit the sites of the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.spc.rs\/eng\">Serbian<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/patriarhia.ro\/en\/\">Romanian<\/a>, and\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ecclesia.gr\/\">Greek<\/a>\u00a0autocephalous churches<br>\nsee the cover of the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.acrossthepage.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/05\/2549lg.jpg\">Way of the Pilgrim<\/a>\u00a0(and read a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/people.clas.ufl.edu\/fcurta\/content-removed\/\">section<\/a>\u00a0dedicated to uncessant prayer)<br>\nsee a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=KSLt35E4Qr4\">short documentary<\/a>\u00a0on the physical and psychological torture of Romanian Orthodox Christians in the\u00a0Pite\u0219ti prison and an interview with\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=u13y__BCI60\">Father Dumitru<span class=\"st\">\u00a0St\u0103niloae<\/span><\/a>, the most prominent\u00a0 theologian of Romanian Orthodoxy<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffcc33\">Week 15 (April 11-15):\u00a0<\/span>Orthodoxy in America in the 20th and early 21st century [<em>Angold<\/em>\u00a0539-557 and 580-599]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>origins of Orthodoxy in America<\/li>\n<li>the Greek-Orthodox Archdiocese and the Orthodox Church of America<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>see the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.fatheralexander.org\/booklets\/english\/herman.htm\">Life of St. Herman of Alaska<\/a>\u00a0and a\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.fatheralexander.org\/booklets\/english\/saints\/innocent_irkutsk.htm\">biography of Father John Veniaminov<\/a>\u00a0(St. Innocent of Irkutsk)<br>\nvisit the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.holytrinitycathedral.org\/history.html\">Holy Trinity Cathedral in New Orleans<\/a>, on the site of the first Greek Orthdox church built in the United States<br>\nsee pictures of\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/orthodoxcanada.ca\/images\/4\/48\/Archbishop-Alexander-%28Demoglou%29.jpg\">Archbishop Alexander of Rodostolou<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/orthodoxhistory.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/AthenagorasTruman.jpg\">Patriarch Athenagoras<\/a>\u00a0(with President Truman),\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pappaspost.com\/on-this-day-january-20-1950-truman-and-archbishop-discuss-thousands-of-missing-greek-children\/\">Archbishop Michael<\/a>\u00a0(also with President Truman),\u00a0Archbishop Iakovos\u00a0(marching with Martin Luther King, Jr.),\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/skepticism-images.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com\/images\/jreviews\/Archbishop-Spyridon.jpg\">Archbishop Spyridon<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.greeknewsonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/FLORIDA-EPIPHANY-CROSS17.jpg\">Archbishop Demetrios<\/a>\u00a0at the celebration of Epiphany in Tarpon Springs, and <a href=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/f3\/Archbishop_Elpidophoros_meets_with_President_Donald_Trump_%282%29.jpg\">Archbishop Elpidophoros<\/a> in the Oval Office, with President Trump<br>\nvisit the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hchc.edu\/\">Holy Cross Greek-Orthodox Seminary<\/a>\u00a0in Brookline and the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/stphotios.org\/\">St. Photius Shrine<\/a>\u00a0in St. Augustine (with a view of the\u00a0chapel)<br>\nsee pictures of the bishops in the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/images.oca.org\/mission-vision\/pg51-74\/65.gif\">Karlovci synod<\/a>\u00a0of 1935 and of the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/orthodoxbridge.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/Butovo36.jpg\">reconciliation in Moscow<\/a>\u00a0(2006)<br>\nsee a picture of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/orthodoxcanada.ca\/images\/8\/8f\/Vl_Evlogy%2C_John_Mott%2C_Mother_Maria_%28Skobtsova%29_S.png\">Metropolitan Evlogy<\/a>\u00a0and Mother (St.) Maria Skobtsova (1930s), another of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/c\/c6\/Boulevard_Courcelles_Paris_20060503_1.jpg\">Rue Daru<\/a>\u00a0(with the Cathedral of St. Alexander Nevsky), and visit the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.pravoslavie.ru\/sas\/image\/101232\/123290.p.jpg?0.190621480345726\">St. Sergius\u00a0<\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/www.pravoslavie.ru\/sas\/image\/101232\/123290.p.jpg?0.190621480345726\">Orthodox Theological Institute<\/a>\u00a0in Paris<br>\nsee pictures of\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/orthodoxwiki.org\/images\/b\/bf\/Platon_Rozhdestvensky2.jpg\">Metropolitan Platon (Rozhdestvensky) of New York<\/a>, the<a href=\"http:\/\/images.oca.org\/aacs\/feature\/AAS.07.jpg\">\u00a0Cleveland synod of 1946<\/a>, and of the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/orthodoxhistory.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/05\/OCA-autocephaly.jpg\">reception of the &#8220;Tomos of Autocephaly&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0for the Orthodox Church of America (1970)<br>\nsee pictures of\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.htocnb.org\/images\/Adminstration\/2012---present-Met.-Tikhon-Mollard.jpg\">Metropolitan Tikhon (Mollard)<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/ru\/1\/16\/Peter_%28L%27Huillier%29.jpg\">Archbishop Peter (l&#8217;Huillier)<\/a>\u00a0and Father\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/solzemli.files.wordpress.com\/2011\/09\/frthomashopko.jpg\">Thomas Hopko<\/a><br>\nvisit <a href=\"https:\/\/www.svots.edu\/\">St. Vladimir&#8217;s Orthodox Theological Seminary in Crestwood<\/a>, the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/orthodoxwiki.org\/images\/3\/3f\/St_Tikhons_Monastery.jpg\">Monastery of St. Tikhon in South Canaan<\/a>, and the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/uocofusa.org\/images\/events\/2012\/08-09-2012\/DSCN1532.JPG\">Orthodox Christian Mission Center<\/a>\u00a0in St. Augustine<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffcc33\">Week 16 (April 18-222): <span style=\"color: #000000\">Conclusion. Why study the history of Orthodox Christianity?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1133,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"featured_post":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"class_list":["post-647","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/people.clas.ufl.edu\/fcurta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/647","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/people.clas.ufl.edu\/fcurta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/people.clas.ufl.edu\/fcurta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/people.clas.ufl.edu\/fcurta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1133"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/people.clas.ufl.edu\/fcurta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=647"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/people.clas.ufl.edu\/fcurta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/647\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1982,"href":"https:\/\/people.clas.ufl.edu\/fcurta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/647\/revisions\/1982"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/people.clas.ufl.edu\/fcurta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=647"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}