{"id":152,"date":"2015-05-05T13:57:52","date_gmt":"2015-05-05T17:57:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/people.clas.ufl.edu\/ulan\/?page_id=152"},"modified":"2026-03-19T08:29:04","modified_gmt":"2026-03-19T12:29:04","slug":"ecosystems","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/people.clas.ufl.edu\/ulan\/publications\/ecosystems\/","title":{"rendered":"Ecosystems"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n
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Ecosystems<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

*Copyright Notice:* This material is presented to ensure timely dissemination of scholarly and technical work. Copyright and all rights therein are retained by authors or by other copyright holders. All persons copying this information are expected to adhere to the terms and constraints invoked by each author’s copyright. In most cases, these works may not be reposted without the explicit permission of the copyright holder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

5. Ulanowicz, R.E. 1972.\u00a0Mass and energy flow in closed ecosystems<\/a>.\u00a0Journal of Theoretical Biology<\/i>\u00a034:239-253.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

20. Ulanowicz, R.E. 1979.\u00a0Complexity, stability and self-organization in natural communities<\/a>.\u00a0Oecologia (Berlin)<\/i>\u00a043:295-298.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

22. Ulanowicz, R.E. and W.M. Kemp. 1979.\u00a0Toward canonical trophic aggregations<\/a>.\u00a0The American Naturalist<\/i>\u00a0114:871-883.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

23. Heinle, D.R., D.A Flemer, R.T. Huff, S.T. Sulkin, and R.E. Ulanowicz. 1979.\u00a0Effects of perturbations on estuarine microcosms<\/a>.\u00a0pp. 119-141. In: F. John Vernberg, (ed.).\u00a0Marsh-Estuarine Systems Simulation.<\/i>University of South Carolina Press, Columbia, SC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

24. Ulanowicz, R.E. 1980.\u00a0An hypothesis on the development of natural communities<\/a>.\u00a0Journal of Theoretical Biology<\/i>\u00a085:223-245.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

27. Ulanowicz, R.E. 1981.\u00a0An hypothesis on the development of natural communities<\/a>.\u00a0pp. 111-133. In: R.K. Ragade (ed.).\u00a0General Systems<\/i>\u00a0Vol. XXVI. Society for General Systems Research, Louisville, KY.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

31. Ulanowicz, R.E. and K.H. Mann. 1981.\u00a0Ecosystems under stress<\/a>.\u00a0pp. 133-137. In: K.H. Mann, T.C. Platt and R.E. Ulanowicz (eds.).\u00a0Mathematical Models in Biological Oceanography.<\/i>\u00a0UNESCO Monographs on Oceanographic Methodology 7. UNESCO Press, Paris.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

32. Ulanowicz, R.E. 1981.\u00a0A unified theory of self-organization<\/a>.\u00a0pp. 649-652. In: W.J. Mitsch, R.W. Bosserman and J.M. Klopatek (eds.).\u00a0Energy and Ecological Modeling<\/i>\u00a0Elsevier, NY.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

36. Ulanowicz, R.E. 1983.\u00a0Identifying the structure of cycling in ecosystems<\/a>.\u00a0Mathematical Biosciences<\/i>\u00a065:219-237.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

37. Ulanowicz, R.E. 1984.\u00a0Community measures of marine food networks and their possible applications<\/a>.\u00a0pp. 23-47. In: M.J.R. Fasham (ed.).\u00a0Flows of Energy and Materials in Marine Ecosystems.<\/i>\u00a0Plenum, London.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

39. Ulanowicz, R.E. 1984.\u00a0The structure of cycling in the Ythan estuary<\/a>.\u00a0pp. 220-235. In: S.A. Levin and T.G. Hallam (eds.).\u00a0Lecture Notes in Biomathematics: Mathematical Ecology<\/i>\u00a0Springer-Verlag, Berlin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

41. Ulanowicz, R.E. and T.C. Platt (eds.). 1985.\u00a0Ecosystems Theory for Biological Oceanography<\/a>.<\/i>\u00a0Canadian Bulletin of Fisheries and Aquatic Science\u00a0<\/i>Number 213. 260 p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

43. Ulanowicz, R.E. 1986.\u00a0Growth and Development: Ecosystems Phenomenology<\/a><\/i>\u00a0Springer-Verlag, NY. 203p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

44. Ulanowicz, R.E. 1986.\u00a0A phenomenological perspective of ecological development<\/a>.\u00a0pp. 73-8l. In: T. M. Poston and R. Purdy (eds.).\u00a0Aquatic Toxicology and Environmental Fate<\/i>, Vol.9. ASTM STP 921. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

45. Ulanowicz, R.E. 1986.\u00a0Theoretical ecology: Ecosystem ascendency<\/a>.\u00a0pp. 481-483. In:\u00a01987 Yearbook of Science and Technology<\/i>\u00a0McGraw-Hill, NY.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

46. Hirata, H. and R.E. Ulanowicz. 1986.\u00a0Large-scale system perspectives on ecological modelling and analysis<\/a>.\u00a0Ecological Modelling<\/i>\u00a031:79-104.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

51. Ulanowicz, R.E. 1988.\u00a0On the importance of higher-level models in ecology<\/a>.\u00a0Ecological Modelling<\/i>\u00a043:45-56.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

53. Wicken, J.S. and R.E. Ulanowicz. 1988.\u00a0On quantifying hierarchical connections in ecology<\/a>.\u00a0Journal of Social and Biological Structures<\/i>\u00a011:369-377.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

55. Ulanowicz, R.E. 1989.\u00a0Energy flow and productivity in the oceans<\/a>.\u00a0pp. 327-351. In: P.J. Grubb and J.B. Whittaker (eds.)\u00a0Toward a More Exact Ecology<\/i>\u00a0Blackwell, Oxford.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

57. Baird, D. and R.E. Ulanowicz. 1989.\u00a0The seasonal dynamics of the Chesapeake Bay ecosystem<\/a>.\u00a0Ecol. Monogr.<\/i>\u00a059:329-364.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

58. Ulanowicz, R.E. 1989.\u00a0A phenomenology of evolving networks<\/a>.\u00a0Systems Research<\/i>\u00a06:209-217.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

61. Wulff, F. and R.E. Ulanowicz. 1989.\u00a0A comparative anatomy of the Baltic Sea and Chesapeake Bay ecosystems<\/a>.\u00a0pp. 232-256. In: F. Wulff, J.G. Field, and K.H. Mann (eds.)\u00a0Network Analysis in Marine Ecology<\/i>\u00a0Coastal and Estuarine Studies Series. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

63. Ulanowicz, R. E. 1990.\u00a0Ecosystem integrity and network theory<\/a>.\u00a0pp. 69-77. In: C.J. Edwards and H.A. Regier (eds.)\u00a0An Ecosystem Approach to the Integrity of the Great Lakes in Turbulent Times<\/i>\u00a0Great Lakes Fish Comm. Spec. Pub. 90-4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

65. Ulanowicz, R.E. and C.J. Puccia. 1990.\u00a0Mixed trophic impacts in ecosystems<\/a>.\u00a0Coenoses<\/i>\u00a05:7-16.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

71. Ulanowicz, R.E. and F. Wulff. 1991.\u00a0Comparing ecosystem process structures: The Chesapeake Bay and the Baltic Sea<\/a>.\u00a0pp. 140-166. In: J.J. Cole, G.M. Lovett and S.E.G. Findlay (eds.)\u00a0Comparative Analyses of Ecosystems: Patterns, Mechanisms and Theories<\/i>\u00a0Springer-Verlag, New York.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

72. Baird, D., J.M. McGlade and R.E. Ulanowicz. 1991.\u00a0The comparative ecology of six marine ecosystems<\/a>.\u00a0Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London, Series B<\/i>\u00a0333:15-29.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

75. Ulanowicz, R.E. 1992.\u00a0Ecosystem health and trophic flow networks<\/a>.\u00a0pp. 190-225. In: R. Costanza, B.G. Norton, and B.D. Haskell (eds.)\u00a0Ecosystem Health: New Goals for Environmental Management<\/i>\u00a0Island Press, Washington, DC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

82. Pahl-Wostl, C. and R.E. Ulanowicz. 1994.\u00a0Quantification of species as functional units within an ecological network<\/a>.\u00a0Ecological Modelling<\/i>\u00a066:65-79<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

83. Ulanowicz, R.E. 1995.\u00a0Ecosystem integrity: A causal necessity<\/a>.\u00a0pp. 77-87 In: L. Westra and J. Lemons (eds.)\u00a0Perspectives on Ecological Integrity<\/i>\u00a0Kluwer, Dordrecht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

84. Ulanowicz, R.E. 1995.\u00a0Ecosystem trophic foundations: Lindeman exonerata<\/a>.\u00a0pp. 549-560. In: B.C. Patten and S.E. Jorgensen (eds.)\u00a0Complex Ecology: The part-whole relation in ecosystems<\/i>\u00a0Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

87. Ulanowicz, R.E. 1995.\u00a0Utricularia’s<\/em>\u00a0secret: the advantage of positive feedback in oligotrophic environments<\/a>.\u00a0Ecological Modelling<\/i>\u00a079:49-57.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

89. Mageau, M.T., R. Costanza and R.E. Ulanowicz. 1995.\u00a0The development\u00a0and initial\u00a0testing of a quantitative assessment of ecosystem health<\/a>.\u00a0Ecosystem Health<\/i>\u00a01(4):201-213.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

95. Ulanowicz, R.E. 1997.\u00a0Ecology, the Ascendent Perspective<\/a><\/i>\u00a0Columbia University Press, New York.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

98. Bondavalli, C., A. Bodini and R.E. Ulanowicz. 1997.\u00a0Government organizations and Great Lakes rehabilitation<\/a>\u00a0Proceedings of the Eighth National Congress of the Italian Society of Ecology<\/i>\u00a018:213-215.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

102. Gafiychuk, V.V., I.A. Lubashevsky and R.E. Ulanowicz. 1997.\u00a0Distributed self-regulation in ecological and economic systems<\/a>.\u00a0Complex Systems<\/i>\u00a011:357-372.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

103. Ulanowicz, R.E. 1998.\u00a0Network orientors: Theoretical and philosophical considerations why ecosystems may exhibit a propensity to increase in ascendency<\/a>.\u00a0pp. 177-192. In: F. Mueller and M. Leupelt [eds.]\u00a0Eco Targets, Goal Functions, and Orientors\u00a0<\/i>Springer-Verlag, Berlin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

105. Mageau, M.T., R. Costanza, and R.E. Ulanowicz. 1998.\u00a0Quantifying the trends expected in developing ecosystems<\/a>.\u00a0Ecological Modelling<\/i>\u00a0112:1-22.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

107. Niquil, N., J.E. Ernesto Arias-Gonzales, B. Delesalle, and R.E. Ulanowicz. 1999.\u00a0Characterization of the planktonic food web of Takapoto Atoll lagoon, using network analysis<\/a>.\u00a0Oecologia<\/i>\u00a0118:232-241.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

109. Almunia, J., G. Basterretxea, J. Aristegui, and R.E. Ulanowicz. 1999.\u00a0Benthic-pelagic switching in a coastal subtropical lagoon<\/a>.\u00a0Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science<\/i>\u00a049:363-384.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

110. Bondavalli, C. and R.E. Ulanowicz. 1999.\u00a0Unexpected effects of predators upon their prey: The case of the American Alligator<\/a>.\u00a0Ecosystems<\/i>\u00a02:49-63.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

112. Ulanowicz, R.E. 2000.\u00a0Quantifying constraints upon trophic and migratory transfers in\u00a0landscapes<\/a>\u00a0pp. 113-142. In: Sanderson, J. and L.D. Harris (eds.),\u00a0Series in Landscape Ecology: A Top-Down Approach<\/i>\u00a0Lewis Publications, Boca Raton.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

113. Ulanowicz, R.E.. 2000.\u00a0Ascendency: A measure of ecosystem performance<\/a>.\u00a0Pp. 303-315. In: S.E. Joergensen and F. Mueller (Eds.)\u00a0Handbook of Ecosystem Theories and Management.<\/i>\u00a0Lewis Publications, Boca Raton.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

114. Ulanowicz, R.E. 2000.\u00a0Toward the measurement of ecological integrity<\/a>.\u00a0Pp. 99-113. In: Pimentel, D., L. Westra and R.F. Noss (Eds.),\u00a0Ecological Integrity: Integrating Environment, Conservation and Health<\/i>\u00a0Island Press, Washington. DC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

121. Frost, T.M., R.E. Ulanowicz, S. Blumenshine, J. Rogers, F. Taub, and T.F.H. Allen. 2001.\u00a0Scaling issues in experimental ecology: Freshwater ecosystems<\/a>.\u00a0Pp. 253-279. In: Gardner, R.H., W.M. Kemp, V.S. Kennedy and J.E. Petersen (Eds.),\u00a0Scaling Relations in Experimental Ecology.<\/i>Columbia University Press, NY.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

128. Ulanowicz, R.E. 2002.\u00a0The balance between adaptability and adaptation<\/a>.\u00a0BioSystems<\/i>\u00a064:13-22.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

130. Heymans, J.J., R.E. Ulanowicz, and C. Bondavalli. 2002.\u00a0Network analysis of the South Florida graminoid marshes and comparison with nearby cypress ecosystems<\/a>.\u00a0Ecological Modelling<\/i>\u00a0149:5-23.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

137. Ulanowicz, R.E. 2003.\u00a0Some steps toward a central theory of ecosystem dynamics<\/a>.\u00a0Computational Biology and Chemistry<\/i>\u00a027:523-530. Reprinted in\u00a0Ecological Questions<\/i>\u00a05:23-32. [2004]<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

139. Patricio, J., R. Ulanowicz, M.A. Pardal, and J.C. Marques. 2004.\u00a0Ascendency as an ecological indicator: A case study of estuarine pulse eutrophication<\/a>.\u00a0Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science<\/i>\u00a060:23-35.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

142. Ulanowicz, R.E. 2004.\u00a0On the nature of ecodynamics<\/a>.\u00a0Ecological Complexity<\/i>\u00a01:341-354.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

145. Belgrano, A., U.M. Scharler, J. Dunne, and R.E. Ulanowicz (Eds.) 2005.\u00a0Aquatic Food Webs: An Ecosystem Approach<\/a><\/i>\u00a0Oxford University Press, Oxford. 262p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

150. Ulanowicz, R.E. 2005.\u00a0The complex nature of ecodynamics<\/a>.\u00a0Pp. 303-329 In: D. Bonchev, and D.M. Rouvray, (Eds.)\u00a0Complexity in Chemistry, Biology, and Ecology<\/i>\u00a0Springer-Verlag, New York.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

151. Ulanowicz, R.E. 2005.\u00a0A revolution in the middle kingdom?<\/a>\u00a0Pp. 73-90. In: H. Lillienstroem and U. Svedin (Eds.)\u00a0Micro-Meso-Macro: Addressing Complex Systems Couplings<\/i>\u00a0World Scientific, London.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

158. Joergensen, S.E, B.D. Fath, S. Bastianoni, J.C. Marques, F. Mueller, S.N. Nielsen, B.C. Patten, E. Tiezzi and R.E. Ulanowicz. 2007.\u00a0A New Ecology: Systems Perspective<\/a><\/i>\u00a0Elsevier, Amsterdam. 275p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

173. Ulanowicz, R.E. 2009.\u00a0The dual nature of ecosystem dynamics<\/a>.\u00a0Ecological Modelling<\/i>\u00a0220:1886-1892.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

184. Ulanowicz, R.E. 2011.\u00a0Quantitative Methods for Ecological Network Analysis and Its Application to Coastal Ecosystems<\/a>.\u00a0Pp. 35 – 57 In: Wolanski E. and McLusky D.S. (Eds.)\u00a0Treatise on Estuarine and Coastal Science<\/i>\u00a0Vol 9. Waltham: Academic Press.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

192. Ulanowicz, R.E. 2013.\u00a0Circumscribed complexity in ecological networks<\/a>.\u00a0pp. 249-258. In: M. Dehmer, A. Mowshowitz and F. Emmert-Streib (Eds.)\u00a0Advances in Network Complexity,<\/i>\u00a0Volume 4. Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

193. Ulanowicz, R.E., R.D. Holt and M. Barfield. 2014.\u00a0Limits on ecosystem trophic complexity: Insights from ecological network analysis<\/a>.\u00a0Ecology Letters\u00a0<\/i>17:127\u2013136.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

195. Ulanowicz, R.E. 2014.\u00a0Reckoning the nonexistent: Putting the science right<\/a>.\u00a0Ecological Modelling\u00a0<\/i>293:22\u201330.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

197. Gonz\u00e1lez, J., Ortiza, M., Rodr\u00edguez-Zaragozad, F., Ulanowicz, R.E., 2016. Assessment of long-term changes of ecosystem indexes in Tongoy Bay(SE Pacific coast): Based on trophic network analysis <\/a> Ecological Indicators <\/i> 69:390-399.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

201. Ulanowicz, R.E. 2017. Towards a Global Understanding of Development and Evolution <\/a> Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology<\/i> dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2017.07.008.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

202. Xu, Z., Cheng, G., Ulanowicz, R.E., Song, X., Deng, X. and Zhong, F. 2018. The Common Developmental Road: Tensions among Centripetal and Centrifugal Dynamics <\/a> National Science Review<\/i>, 5(3):417-426, doi: 10.1093\/nsr\/nwx033\/3101042.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

203. Gatti, R.C., Fath, B., Hordijk, W., Kauffman, S. and Ulanowicz, R.E. 2018. Niche emergence as an autocatalytic process in the evolution of ecosystems. <\/a> J. Theor. Biol.<\/i> 454:110-117.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

204. Ulanowicz, R.E. 2018. Biodiversity, functional redundancy and system stability: Subtle connections. <\/a> J. Roy. Soc. Interface<\/i> 15(147):20180367.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

205. Ulanowicz, R.E. 2018. Dimensions missing from ecology. <\/a> Philosophies<\/i> 3(3):24.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

206. Ulanowicz, R.E. 2019. The tripartite nature of causalities in ecosystem dynamics. <\/a> Current Opinion in Systems Biology<\/i> 13:129\u2013135.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

209. Ulanowicz, R.E. 2019. Information across the ecological hierarchy. <\/a> Entropy<\/i> 21:949\u2013955.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

210. Ulanowicz, R.E. 2020. Quantifying sustainable balance in ecosystem configurations. <\/a> Current Research in Environmental Sustainability <\/i> 1:1\u20136.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

211. Ulanowicz, R.E. 2020. Ecological Clues to the Nature of Consciousness. <\/a> Entropy<\/i> 22:611-621; doi:10.3390\/e22060611.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

212. Cazzolla-Gatti, R., R. Koppl, B.D. Fath, S. Kauffman, W. Hordijk and R.E.Ulanowicz. 2020. On the emergence of ecological and economic niches. <\/a> J. Bioeconomics <\/i> doi:10.1007\/s10818-020-09295-4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

213. Ulanowicz, R.E. 2021. Socio-ecological networks: A lens that focuses beyond physics. <\/a> J. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution <\/i> Vol. 9. doi:10.3389\/fevo.2021.643122.<\/p>\n\n\n\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":541,"featured_media":0,"parent":19,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"featured_post":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"class_list":["post-152","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/people.clas.ufl.edu\/ulan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/152","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/people.clas.ufl.edu\/ulan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/people.clas.ufl.edu\/ulan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/people.clas.ufl.edu\/ulan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/541"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/people.clas.ufl.edu\/ulan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=152"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/people.clas.ufl.edu\/ulan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/152\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":698,"href":"https:\/\/people.clas.ufl.edu\/ulan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/152\/revisions\/698"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/people.clas.ufl.edu\/ulan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/19"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/people.clas.ufl.edu\/ulan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=152"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}