*Copyright Notice:* This material is presented to ensure timely dissemination of scholarly and technical work. Copyright and all rights therein are retained by authors or by other copyright holders. All persons copying this information are expected to adhere to the terms and constraints invoked by each author’s copyright. In most cases, these works may not be reposted without the explicit permission of the copyright holder.

22. Ulanowicz, R.E. and W.M. Kemp. 1979. Toward canonical trophic aggregations. The American Naturalist 114:871-883.

24. Ulanowicz, R.E. 1980. An hypothesis on the development of natural communities. Journal of Theoretical Biology 85:223-245.

29. Ulanowicz, R.E. 1981. pp. 67-72. In: K.H. Mann, T.C. Platt and R.E. Ulanowicz (eds.) Information theory applied to ecosystem structure. Mathematical Models in Biological Oceanography. UNESCO Monographs on Oceanographic Methodology 7. UNESCO Press, Paris.

36. Ulanowicz, R.E. 1983. Identifying the structure of cycling in ecosystems. Mathematical Biosciences 65:219-237.

37. Ulanowicz, R.E. 1984. Community measures of marine food networks and their possible applications. pp. 23-47. In: M.J.R. Fasham (ed.). Flows of Energy and Materials in Marine Ecosystems. Plenum, London.

39. Ulanowicz, R.E. 1984. The structure of cycling in the Ythan estuary. pp. 220-235. In: S.A. Levin and T.G. Hallam (eds.). Lecture Notes in Biomathematics: Mathematical Ecology Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

40. Hirata, H. and R.E. Ulanowicz. 1984. Information theoretical analysis of ecological networks. International Journal of Systems Science 15: 261-270.

42. Hirata, H. and R.E. Ulanowicz. 1985. Information theoretical analysis of the aggregation and hierarchical structure of ecological networks. Journal of Theoretical Biology 116:321-341.

43. Ulanowicz, R.E. 1986. Growth and Development: Ecosystems Phenomenology Springer-Verlag, NY. 203p.

45. Ulanowicz, R.E. 1986. Theoretical ecology: Ecosystem ascendency. pp. 481-483. In: 1987 Yearbook of Science and Technology McGraw-Hill, NY.

46. Hirata, H. and R.E. Ulanowicz. 1986. Large-scale system perspectives on ecological modelling and analysis. Ecological Modelling 31:79-104.

47. Ulanowicz, R.E. 1987. Flow network ascendency and self-organization in living systems. pp. 1694-1695. In: M.G. Singh (ed.). Systems and Control Encyclopedia Pergamon Press, Oxford.

50. Szyrmer, J. and R.E. Ulanowicz. 1987. Total flows in ecosystems. Ecological Modelling 35:123-136.

55. Ulanowicz, R.E. 1989. Energy flow and productivity in the oceans. pp. 327-351. In: P.J. Grubb and J.B. Whittaker (eds.) Toward a More Exact Ecology Blackwell, Oxford.

57. Baird, D. and R.E. Ulanowicz. 1989. The seasonal dynamics of the Chesapeake Bay ecosystem. Ecol. Monogr. 59:329-364.

58. Ulanowicz, R.E. 1989. A phenomenology of evolving networks. Systems Research 6:209-217.

59. Kay, J.K., L.A. Graham, and R.E. Ulanowicz. 1989. A detailed guide to network analysis. pp. 15-61. In: F. Wulff, J.G. Field, and K.H. Mann (eds.) Network Analysis in Marine Ecology Coastal and Estuarine Studies Series. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

61. Wulff, F. and R.E. Ulanowicz. 1989. A comparative anatomy of the Baltic Sea and Chesapeake Bay ecosystems. pp. 232-256. In: F. Wulff, J.G. Field, and K.H. Mann (eds.) Network Analysis in Marine Ecology Coastal and Estuarine Studies Series. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

62. Ulanowicz, R.E. 1990. Aristotelean causalities in ecosystem development. Oikos 57:42-48.

64. Ulanowicz, R.E. and J.S. Norden. 1990. Symmetrical overhead in flow networks. International Journal of Systems Science 1:429-437.

65. Ulanowicz, R.E. and C.J. Puccia. 1990. Mixed trophic impacts in ecosystems. Coenoses 5:7-16.

66. Ulanowicz, R.E. 1991. Formal agency in ecosystem development. pp. 58-70. In: M. Higashi and T.D. Burns (eds.) Theoretical Studies of Ecosystems: The Network Perspective Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.

68. Ulanowicz, R.E. 1991. Complexity: Toward quantifying its various manifestations. WESScomm 1:43-50.

69. Ulanowicz, R.E. and J.J. Kay. 1991. A package for the analysis of ecosystem flow networks. Environmental Software 6:131-142.

70. Ulanowicz, R.E. and W.F. Wolff. 1991. Ecosystem flow networks: Loaded dice? Mathematical Biosciences 103:45-68.

71. Ulanowicz, R.E. and F. Wulff. 1991. Comparing ecosystem process structures: The Chesapeake Bay and the Baltic Sea. pp. 140-166. In: J.J. Cole, G.M. Lovett and S.E.G. Findlay (eds.) Comparative Analyses of Ecosystems: Patterns, Mechanisms and Theories Springer-Verlag, New York.

75. Ulanowicz, R.E. 1992. Ecosystem health and trophic flow networks. pp. 190-225. In: R. Costanza, B.G. Norton, and B.D. Haskell (eds.) Ecosystem Health: New Goals for Environmental Management Island Press, Washington, DC.

81. Cohen, J.E., R. Beaver, S. Cousins, D. DeAngelis, L. Goldwasser, K.L. Heong, R. Holt, A. Kohn, J. Lawton, N Martinez, R. O’Malley, R. Page, B. Patten, S. Pimm, G. Polis, M. Rejmanek, T. Schoener, K. Schoenly, W.R. Spurles, J. Teal, R.E. Ulanowicz, P. Warren, H. Wilbur, and P. Yodzis. 1993. Improving food webs. Chemical Engineering Science 74:252-258.

82. Pahl-Wostl, C. and R.E. Ulanowicz. 1994. Quantification of species as functional units within an ecological network. Ecological Modelling 66:65-79

84. Ulanowicz, R.E. 1995. Ecosystem trophic foundations: Lindeman exonerata. pp. 549-560. In: B.C. Patten and S.E. Jorgensen (eds.) Complex Ecology: The part-whole relation in ecosystems Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey

85. Ulanowicz, R.E. 1995. Network growth and development: Ascendency. pp. 643-655. In: B.C. Patten and S.E. Jorgensen (eds.). Complex Ecology: the part-whole relation in ecosystems Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.

88. Baird, D., R.E. Ulanowicz and W.R. Boynton. 1995. Seasonal nitrogen dynamics in the Chesapeake Bay: A network approach. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 41:137-162.

92. Ulanowicz, R.E. 1996. Trophic flow networks as indicators of ecosystem stress. pp. 358-368, In: G. Polis and K. Winemiller (eds.), Food Webs: Integration of Patterns and Dynamics. Chapman-Hall, New York.

93. Ulanowicz, R.E. 1996. The propensities of evolving systems. pp. 217-233, In: E.L. Khalil and K.E. Boulding (eds.), Evolution, Order and Complexity Routledge, London.

95. Ulanowicz, R.E. 1997. Ecology, the Ascendent Perspective Columbia University Press, New York.

96. Ulanowicz, R.E. 1997. Limitations on the connectivity of ecosystem flow networks. pp. 125-143. In: Rinaldo, A. And A. Marani (eds.), Biological Models Istituto Veneto de Scienze, Lettere ed Arti. Venice.

100. Ulanowicz, R.E. and L.G. Abarca-Arenas. 1997. An informational synthesis of ecosystem structure and function. Ecological Modelling 95:1-10.

101. Monaco, M.E. and R.E. Ulanowicz. 1997. Comparative ecosystem trophic structure of three U.S. Mid-Atlantic estuaries. Marine Ecology Progress Series 161:239-254.

106. Ulanowicz, R.E. and D. Baird. 1999. Nutrient controls on ecosystem dynamics: The Chesapeake mesohaline community. Journal of Marine Systems 19:159-172.

107. Niquil, N., J.E. Ernesto Arias-Gonzales, B. Delesalle, and R.E. Ulanowicz. 1999. Characterization of the planktonic food web of Takapoto Atoll lagoon, using network analysis. Oecologia 118:232-241.

109. Almunia, J., G. Basterretxea, J. Aristegui, and R.E. Ulanowicz. 1999. Benthic-pelagic switching in a coastal subtropical lagoon. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 49:363-384.

110. Bondavalli, C. and R.E. Ulanowicz. 1999. Unexpected effects of predators upon their prey: The case of the American Alligator. Ecosystems 2:49-63.

112. Ulanowicz, R.E. 2000. Quantifying constraints upon trophic and migratory transfers in spatially heterogeneous ecosystems pp. 113-142. In: Sanderson, J. and L.D. Harris (eds.), Series in Landscape Ecology: A Top-Down Approach Lewis Publications, Boca Raton.

113. Ulanowicz, R.E.. 2000. Ascendency: A measure of ecosystem performance. Pp. 303-315. In: S.E. Joergensen and F. Mueller (Eds.) Handbook of Ecosystem Theories and Management. Lewis Publications, Boca Raton.

114. Ulanowicz, R.E. 2000. Toward the measurement of ecological integrity. Pp. 99-113. In: Pimentel, D., L. Westra and R.F. Noss (Eds.), Ecological Integrity: Integrating Environment, Conservation and Health Island Press, Washington. DC.

117. Bondavalli, C., R.E. Ulanowicz and A. Bodino.2000. Insights into the processing of carbon in the South Florida cypress wetlands: A whole ecosystem approach using network analysis. Journal of Biogeography 27:697-710.

118. Nors-Nielsen, S. and R.E. Ulanowicz. 2000. On the consistency between thermodynamical and network approaches to ecosystems. Ecological Modelling 132(1-2):23-31.

120. Ray, S., R.E. Ulanowicz, N.C. Majee and A.B. Roy. 2000. Network analysis of a benthic food web model of a partly reclaimed island in the Sundarban mangrove ecosystem, India. Journal of Biological Systems 8(3):263-278.

127. Christian, R.R. and R.E. Ulanowicz. 2002. Network ecology. Pp. 1393-1399. In: A.H. El-Shaarawi and W.H. Piegorsch (Eds.). Encyclopedia of Environmetrics John Wiley and Sons: Chinchester.

128. Ulanowicz, R.E. 2002. The balance between adaptability and adaptation. BioSystems 64:13-22.

129. Abarca, L.G. and R.E. Ulanowicz. 2002. The effects of taxonomic aggregation on network analysis. Ecological Modelling 149:285-296.

130. Heymans, J.J., R.E. Ulanowicz, and C. Bondavalli. 2002. Network analysis of the South Florida graminoid marshes and comparison with nearby cypress ecosystems. Ecological Modelling 149:5-23.

135. Zorach, A.C. and R.E. Ulanowicz. 2003. Quantifying the complexity of flow networks: How many roles are there? Complexity 8(3):68-76.

136. Krause, A.E., K.A. Frank, D.M. Mason, R.E. Ulanowicz, and W.W. Taylor. 2003. Compartments revealed in food-web structure. Nature 426:282-285.

138. Allesina, S., and R.E. Ulanowicz. 2004. Cycling in ecological networks: Finn’s index revisited. Computational Biology and Chemistry 28:227-233.

139. Patricio, J., R. Ulanowicz, M.A. Pardal, and J.C. Marques. 2004. Ascendency as an ecological indicator: A case study of estuarine pulse eutrophication. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 60:23-35.

144. Ulanowicz, R.E. 2004. Quantitative methods for ecological network analysis. Computational Biology and Chemistry 28:321-339.

145. Belgrano, A., U.M. Scharler, J. Dunne, and R.E. Ulanowicz (Eds.) 2005. Aquatic Food Webs: An Ecosystem Approach Oxford University Press, Oxford. 262p.

146. Christian, R.R., D. Baird, J. Luczkovich, J.C. Johnson, U.M. Scharler, and R.E. Ulanowicz. 2005. Role of network analysis in comparative ecosystem ecology of estuaries. Pp. 25-40 In: A. Belgrano, U.M. Scharler, J. Dunne and R.E. Ulanowicz (Eds.) Aquatic Food Webs Oxford University Press, Oxford.

147. Morris, J.T., R.R. Christian, and R.E. Ulanowicz. 2005. Analysis of size and complexity of randomly constructed food webs by information theoretic metrics Pp. 73-85 In: A. Belgrano, U.M. Scharler, J. Dunne, and R.E. Ulanowicz (Eds.) Aquatic Food Webs Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford.

148. Ulanowicz, R.E. 2005. Ecological network analysis: An escape from the machine. Pp.201-207 In: A. Belgrano, U.M. Scharler, J. Dunne, and R.E. Ulanowicz (Eds.) Aquatic Food Webs Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford.

156. Ulanowicz,R.E., S.E. Joergensen, and B.D. Fath. 2006. Exergy, information and aggradation: An ecosystems reconciliation. Ecological Modelling 198:520-524.

157. Patrício, J., Ulanowicz, R., Pardal, M.A. & Marques, J.C. 2006. Ascendency as ecological indicator for environmental quality assessment at the ecosystem level: A case study. Hydrobiologia 555:19-30.

159. Ulanowicz, R.E. and U.M. Scharler. 2007. Least-inference methods for constructing networks of trophic flows. Ecological Modelling 210:278-286.

163. Fath, B.D., Scharler, U.M., Ulanowicz, R.E., and Hannon, B. 2007. Ecological network analysis: Network construction. Ecological Modelling 208:49-55.

171. Baird, D., B.D. Fath, R.E. Ulanowicz, H. Asmus, and R. Asmus. 2009. On the consequences of aggregation and balancing of networks on system properties derived from ecological network analysis. Ecological Modelling 220:3465–3471.

172. Banasek-Richter, C., Bersier, L-F., Cattin, M-F., Baltensperger, R., Gabriel, J-P, Merz, Y., Ulanowicz, R.E., Tavares, A.F., Williams, D., de Ruiter, P.C., Winemiller, P.C., and Naisbit, R.E. 2009. Complexity in qualitative food webs. Ecology 90(6):1470–1477.

176. Joergensen, S.E. and Ulanowicz, R.E. 2009. Network calculations and ascendancy based on eco-energy. Ecological Modelling 220:1893–1896.

180. Christian, R.R., Voss, C.M., Bondavalli, C., Viaroli, P., Naldi, M., Tyler, A.C., Anderson, I.C., McGlathery, K.J., Ulanowicz, R.E., and Camacho-Ibar, V. 2010. Ecosystem health indexed through networks of nitrogen cycling. Pp. 73-90 In: M.J. Kennish and H.W. Paerl (Eds.) Coastal Lagoons: Critical Habitats of Environmental Change CRC Press: Boca Raton, Florida.

184. Ulanowicz, R.E. 2011. Quantitative Methods for Ecological Network Analysis and Its Application to Coastal Ecosystems. Pp. 35 – 57 In: Wolanski E. and McLusky D.S. (Eds.) Treatise on Estuarine and Coastal Science Vol 9. Waltham: Academic Press.

188. Ulanowicz, R.E. 2012. Focus on networks and philanthropy (Interview). Alliance 17(4):36-37.

191. Borrett, S.R., R.R. Christian and R.E. Ulanowicz. 2012. Network Ecology. Pp. 1767-1772 In: A.-H. El-Shaarawi and W. Piegorsch (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Environmetrics, Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

192. Ulanowicz, R.E. 2013. Circumscribed complexity in ecological networks. pp. 249-258. In: M. Dehmer, A. Mowshowitz and F. Emmert-Streib (Eds.) Advances in Network Complexity, Volume 4. Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell.

193. Ulanowicz, R.E., R.D. Holt and M. Barfield. 2014. Limits on ecosystem trophic complexity: Insights from ecological network analysis. Ecology Letters 17:127–136.

194. Huang, J. and R.E. Ulanowicz. 2014. Ecological Network Analysis for Economic Systems: Growth and Development and Implications for Sustainable Development. PloS one 9(6): e100923.

195. Ulanowicz, R.E. 2014. Reckoning the nonexistent: Putting the science right. Ecological Modelling 293:22–30.

197. González, J., Ortiza, M., Rodríguez-Zaragozad, F., Ulanowicz, R.E., 2016. Assessment of long-term changes of ecosystem indexes in Tongoy Bay(SE Pacific coast): Based on trophic network analysis Ecological Indicators 69:390-399.

202. Xu, Z., Cheng, G., Ulanowicz, R.E., Song, X., Deng, X. and Zhong, F. 2018. The Common Developmental Road: Tensions among Centripetal and Centrifugal Dynamics National Science Review, 5(3):417-426, doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwx033/3101042.

204. Ulanowicz, R.E. 2018. Biodiversity, functional redundancy and system stability: Subtle connections. J. Roy. Soc. Interface 15(147):20180367.

205. Ulanowicz, R.E. 2018. Dimensions missing from ecology. Philosophies 3(3):24.

209. Ulanowicz, R.E. 2019. Information across the ecological hierarchy. Entropy 21:949–955.

210. Ulanowicz, R.E. 2020. Quantifying sustainable balance in ecosystem configurations. Current Research in Environmental Sustainability 1:1–6.

211. Ulanowicz, R.E. 2020. Ecological Clues to the Nature of Consciousness. Entropy 22:611-621; doi:10.3390/e22060611.

213. Ulanowicz, R.E. 2021. Socio-ecological networks: A lens that focuses beyond physics. J. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution Vol. 9. doi:10.3389/fevo.2021.643122.